Microwave Communication and Microwave Propagation

Microwave signals usually travel from transmitter to receiver along nearly straight-line paths. There are occasional exceptions. The same atmospheric conditions that cause optical mirages can cause microwave fading problems.

Microwave signals bend slightly when passing obliquely through layers of different air density. A microwave signal can be trapped beneath a temperature A microwave communications tower in Munich, Germany. Photograph by Tony Craddock. National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission. inversion, causing a strong signal to fade when the signal cannot reach a receiver atop a mountain peak. Atmospheric ducting can cause a microwave signal to follow the curvature of the earth so that it reaches far beyond the horizon. Radar signals at microwave frequencies may reveal the presence of surface ships at distances of hundreds of miles but be unable to display radar returns from aircraft in flight. This happens unpredictably but the problems usually persist for only short periods.

Microwave signals are reflected by flat surfaces. Plane reflectors may be used to bounce a microwave signal around a hill or a building that would otherwise block its path. Flat reflectors are often placed at the top of tall microwave-relay towers. Parabolic dish antennas at ground level face skyward, directed toward the reflectors that bounce their signals to the horizon.

A passive microwave reflector needs little maintenance and requires no power. Their principle drawback is that the strength of the microwave signal drops off as the inverse fourth power of the total distance when it has been reflected from a passive repeater, greatly increasing the path loss. Doubling the total distance reduces received-signal power by one sixteenth.

All wave-based phenomena interact strongly with objects having a size comparable to a wavelength. Raindrops and hailstones are similar in size to the wavelength of higher-frequency microwaves. A rainstorm can block microwave communication producing a condition called rain fade. Weather radar deliberately uses shorter-wavelength microwaves to increase interaction with rain.

Coming Generation iPhone & Cell Phones

When talking about mobile phones, every time when technology giants such as Apple, Nokia and Samsung have come up with a new cell phone, the device must offer them the best that new and innovative. Nevertheless, millions of cell phone users expect new opportunities beyond their imagination, and here the idea of ​​the next generation of mobile phones is going up. Rumors always come from different sides As for the next generation of mobile phones. At this time, another rumor of Apple, that it works on its next generation iPhone, which is informally called "iPhone 5" or "iPhone 5G".

Apple claims that the new iPhone generation 5 will be a different kind, from which people are familiar at the moment. Speculation is that the iPhone 5 may include a 4G network compatible with all new operating system is better and improved battery life and better graphics / display settings. In addition, it is expected that the new iPhone will include five RFID. Having the RFID feature of mobile phones means that the future of mobile phones can function as a credit card and you just have to wave your cell phone to any payment to pay any fee. There are many users complaining of reception, and this issue is seriously addressed and iPhone users in May will not have such problems with their phones.

It is quite obvious that such features also require a much faster processor. Next-generation iPhone will be equipped with 5 faster processor to support the highly complex functions, such as 5-megapixel camera and will support multitasking functions. Other features such as front of the camera video chat, advanced regular backup camera, flash, micro-SIM instead of the standard symbol, as in the IPAD, improved mapping as mentioned above, separate buttons for volume and power, mute and volume buttons, which is expected to metal.

Expectations of users much more than rumors about the next generation iPhone five especially those users who travel too busy managers have little time for rest. The next generation iPhone promises to have all five additional features that no one has seen before in any portable device.

Damhi Marai(Nepal)

Myself Er. Sanjay Kumar Jha son of Er. Shree Dinbandhu Jha(irrigation depart of Nepal ). My birth place is Marai ,the beautiful village in Mahottari district, the Janakpur Zone of Nepal.It is 6km north from Jaleshwar. It is also a pilgrimage place having a history about it.
In past there was a Rishi named Mandan Muni he started devotional service(tapasya) of God Ram in this village near to the bank of river Rato & after a long time he got success, in result he got darshan of God Ram & was blessed too. Then after this place was called as Mandabya Marai(marai=home) & finally this place is called as Marai. The place where he had done his tapasya near the bank of rato river, these days there is bridge which joints marai with different villages. The bridge was constructed by Rato Irritation Project in 2045 BC. Which was designed, estimated & supervised by my Papa Er.Shree Dinbandhu jha.
Most popular language of my village Marai is Maithili it's population is nearly about 7,000. Although people are not more educated but they have good knowledge about agriculture & most of them are dependent on farm. "As people say collection of different flowers is more beautiful than single one", in Marai their are different casts but still they love each other as like a member of single family. Although their are more than 7000 people,they know each other very well. Is not it the amazing thing?
May be due to their love....
In my village there is one good school named Shree Ja. Ma.Vi.MARAI as well as +2 is also there which is near to my house.
There are two rivers near to my village Marai, Rato and Onxy(Dudhara). Due to these rivers their is no problem for irrigation. Here most popular crops are Dhan(rice) Gahum(wheat), Daal etc.There is one poem: "After summer there is winter".Those rivers from which farmers are getting good facility of irrigation, in rainy season those rivers bring flood too. These days Nepal government is planning to make a iron stone bank on those rivers.
Every year in February last week or second last week (Falgun Sukla Pakcha Panchmi)there is one great festival called Parikrama. lots of people from different parts of Nepal & India use to come to my village and people of Marai celebrate it with their true heart. They use to distribute foods (200md rice 100md flat rice) and invite all the visitors for lunch and dinner. They wish that they might have more crops in farm next year and can serve more people in the years to come.
History behind this festival, Parikrama is mentioned in Ramayan (Hindu religious book) . In Treata yuga God Ram & Goddess Sita visited Marai Shiv Mandir(Temple) on Falgun Sukla Pakcha Panchmi on the duration of 15 days & then onward this 15 days Parikarma rule is continued.......... If u like to visit Marai then u are welcome....

My home city Janakpur